Interference

Electric field and atoms retard process of oscillation propagation. Decreasing of light velocity in optically-dense mediums is a result of such retarding. Let’s ask a question: “Where do wave properties of particles originate from?” Answer is easy. Wave properties result from changing of bions positions during moving of particles through the bions. 

Let’s show that Planck radiation formula doesn’t implies energy quantization. Frequency is a part of this formula and it is continuous variable value. Discontinuity is a result of inability of our devices to register incomplete revolution of bion.

Now we passed on to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which conclusions contradict the principle of continuity. Here is one of the formulas of Heisenberg principle: …. Let’s consider this equation and suppose that particle moves with very low velocity. What does prevent us from definition of its position? Analyzing existent methods (for example illumination by means of photon) we can draw a conclusion that such action will result in considerable changing of the impulse. But it means only that we have no suitable “ruler”.

Let’s take a good look at the velocity of particle. We meet limitation – all bodies are regarded as material points. But it isn’t so. Every body has a certain size (and photon too), which may be necessary to ascertain (but we have no possibility for it).

Conclusion: we have no instruments for such measurements. But it doesn’t mean that particle has indeterminate trajectory.

Let’s take a look at Schrödinger equation. One of its conclusions is lack of microparticles’ trajectories.

Here are our objections.

1. Schrödinger equation is postulate – assertion based on nothing.

2. There is imaginary unit i in the right part of equation, so it can’t describe real physical parameters. Geometric view of imaginary numbers results in one more coordinate space, but only in case of transferring of real physical values in it.

3. Several conditions of standardization are used for solution of the equation. These conditions are selected arbitrary for the purpose of getting required result.

4. Form of electron orbitals, obtained from Schrödinger equation doubtfully reproduces distribution of electron densities in atom. Therewith it demands Pauli exclusion principle (it is based on nothing too).

5. There is an illegal simplification in Schrödinger equation for stationary states. Potential energy U doesn’t depend on time in it. But electrons move relative to each other and nucleus. So potential energy changes. Magnetic effects, occurring as a result of electron moving, are not considered in this equation too.

Let’s disprove that particles lose their trajectories, reporting to Schrödinger equation.

Psi-function describes motion of the particles. Quotation: “According to its sense, psi-function must be one-valued, continuous and finite (may be with the exception of special points). It must have continuous and finite derivative. The sum total of listed requests is called standard conditions”*(11). Continuity of the function is necessary condition of the existence of its derivative. Continuity of the function implies continuity of the argument.

Conclusion: standard conditions imposed on …, disallow argument (coordinates X, Y, Z) to change in discrete steps or undergo discontinuity. So coordinates change continuously. And it means that every particle have its trajectory.

According to this theory of atom structure based on Schrödinger equation is collapsed. Supposition of existence of electron orbital is a consequence of this theory.

You can make an objection that uncertainty in the angle of declination can occur in case of electron diffraction. Let’s speak in details about diffraction.

Bions fill the whole space. Moving through the bions every particle will produce changes of their positions – it will rotate bions around their axis in certain way. I affirm that these changes of bions’ positions are called the wave properties of particles. Changes in bions’ positions depend on the mass, velocity and charge of moving particle. But there is no conception of charge in de Broglie equation. May be eternal desire for division of processes is a reason of it. Or may be charge is equal to +1 or -1. There is really no difference in what direction do bions rotate if charge is equal +1 or -1.